~ます (Polite Form)
Meaning
Used to express actions politely in the non-past tense (present/future).
Makes speech more formal and respectful.
- Used in both written and spoken polite Japanese.
- Also the base for other polite forms like ~ません, ~ました, etc.
How to Form
| Verb Type | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Ichidan (る) | い-stem (Remove る) + ます | 食べる → 食べます → eat |
| Godan (う) | い-stem + ます | 飲む → 飲みます → drink |
| Irregular | する → します 来る → 来(き)ます |
勉強する → 勉強します 来る → 来ます |
Examples
-
毎日、コーヒーを飲みます。
I drink coffee every day. -
朝ごはんを食べますか?
Do you eat breakfast? -
明日、学校に行きます。
I will go to school tomorrow.
Notes
- Use with people you don't know well, teachers, or in formal settings.
- Same form for present and future tense — context decides.
- Negative and past forms:
- Negative: ~ません → 飲みません
- Past: ~ました → 飲みました
- Past negative: ~ませんでした → 飲みませんでした
Common across all daily polite conversation:
食べます, 会います, 読みます, 書きます, 来ます